The global chemical marketplace presents itself as a constantly evolving landscape characterized by substantial growth and advancements. Key factors shaping this environment include increasing global consumption for materials, coupled with strict laws aimed at ensuring environmental and safety stand

Nanoparticles have emerged as promising materials in various fields, including biomedical applications. However, the potential toxicity of these nanoparticles remains a crucial concern. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), a specialized type of nanoparticle capable of converting near-infrared light t